http://pcug.org.au/info/index.php?title=DIY_Firewall_Router&feed=atom&action=history
DIY Firewall Router - Revision history
2024-03-29T12:35:32Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
MediaWiki 1.39.5
http://pcug.org.au/info/index.php?title=DIY_Firewall_Router&diff=1557&oldid=prev
Rpeters: /* Developer Boards */
2016-02-20T02:58:48Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Developer Boards</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 02:58, 20 February 2016</td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*ARM compilations are not robust to "unclean" shutdowns</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*ARM compilations are not robust to "unclean" shutdowns</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>**advisable to retain a reserve copy on SD card</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>**advisable to retain a reserve copy on SD card</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*ssh to these installations is not robust</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>**a USB-to-(low-voltage)-UART cable is desirable see [[Serial_Console]]</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*raspberry pi is best known hardware example - see [[Raspberry Pi]]</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*raspberry pi is best known hardware example - see [[Raspberry Pi]]</div></td>
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<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>**alternatively, raspbian could be adapted as a firewall/router for it</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>**alternatively, raspbian could be adapted as a firewall/router for it</div></td>
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Rpeters
http://pcug.org.au/info/index.php?title=DIY_Firewall_Router&diff=1548&oldid=prev
Rpeters at 02:12, 20 February 2016
2016-02-20T02:12:42Z
<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 02:12, 20 February 2016</td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''Bold text'''</del>== Getting Technical ==</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Getting Technical ==</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>DIY routers overcome the limited support that is provided for commercial units. With careful hardware selection the former do not require much additional space or wattage.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>DIY routers overcome the limited support that is provided for commercial units. With careful hardware selection the former do not require much additional space or wattage.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>**typically used for stand-alone servers, to which access from the Internet is permitted</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>**typically used for stand-alone servers, to which access from the Internet is permitted</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Routed Modems ===</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The software is most simply configured for use with a modem that has been put into '''Bridged Mode'''. Some newer models, including some USB Mobile Broadband devices, are permanently in '''Routing Mode'''. Different settings are required for these and are detailed at [[Wireless Broadband]]</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Although written for wireless broadband devices, the settings also work with wired modems in '''Routing Mode'''.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Fail-Over ===</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This feature is often provided in commercial routers, to quickly switch Internet connection between wired and wireless WAN, as a contingency. It is more complicated to set up in DIY Firewall Routers because the latter have settings for their WAN interface in the low-level menu. Simplest approach is to use a SD card for the system then cold-swap SD cards & reboot when the other WAN is required.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Strictly for Geeks ==</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Strictly for Geeks ==</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Deploying IPFire on these boards does require more technical knowledge and equipment but has potential to match commercial routers in wattage and size</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Deploying IPFire on these boards does require more technical knowledge and equipment but has potential to match commercial routers in wattage and size</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*whilst maintaining advantage of frequent software updates</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*whilst maintaining advantage of frequent software updates</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*BananaPi boards additionally require a 3.3V UART-USB cable during installation</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Developer boards typically have more RAM & CPU resources than openWRT devices thus making print servers and caching routers more practical.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Developer boards typically have more RAM & CPU resources than openWRT devices thus making print servers and caching routers more practical.</div></td>
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Rpeters
http://pcug.org.au/info/index.php?title=DIY_Firewall_Router&diff=1547&oldid=prev
Rpeters: /* Developer Boards */
2016-02-20T01:53:47Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Developer Boards</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 01:53, 20 February 2016</td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*IPFire is the only well-known firewall/router that has reached '''released''' level for these</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*IPFire is the only well-known firewall/router that has reached '''released''' level for these</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>**and only for specific boards - see IPFire site</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>**and only for specific boards - see IPFire site</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>**essential to select exact hardware specified</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*ARM compilations are not robust to "unclean" shutdowns</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*ARM compilations are not robust to "unclean" shutdowns</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>**advisable to retain a reserve copy on SD card</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>**advisable to retain a reserve copy on SD card</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>**advisable to select hardware having an ARM CPU series matching the compilation</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*raspberry pi is best known hardware example - see [[Raspberry Pi]]</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*raspberry pi is best known hardware example - see [[Raspberry Pi]]</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>**alternatively, raspbian could be adapted as a firewall/router for it</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>**alternatively, raspbian could be adapted as a firewall/router for it</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>--[[User:Rpeters|Rod]] 12:48, 20 February 2016 (AEDT)</div></td>
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Rpeters
http://pcug.org.au/info/index.php?title=DIY_Firewall_Router&diff=1546&oldid=prev
Rpeters: /* Developer Boards */
2016-02-20T01:52:22Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Developer Boards</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 01:52, 20 February 2016</td>
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Rpeters
http://pcug.org.au/info/index.php?title=DIY_Firewall_Router&diff=1545&oldid=prev
Rpeters: Created page with "'''Bold text'''== Getting Technical == DIY routers overcome the limited support that is provided for commercial units. With careful hardware selection the former do not requi..."
2016-02-20T01:48:29Z
<p>Created page with "'''Bold text'''== Getting Technical == DIY routers overcome the limited support that is provided for commercial units. With careful hardware selection the former do not requi..."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>'''Bold text'''== Getting Technical ==<br />
DIY routers overcome the limited support that is provided for commercial units. With careful hardware selection the former do not require much additional space or wattage.<br />
<br />
A superceded PC provides a suitable "trial-horse" for anyone wanting to explore DIY hardware Firewall. Any PC having a minimum of CPU 500 MHz plus 512 MB RAM is adequate. Web sites for the software below provide lists of newer, compact hardware that could be deployed longer-term.<br />
<br />
=== Software ===<br />
Although many Linux and BSD can be configured a gateway-router, it is generally simpler and more watt efficient to use a specialised firewall/gateway distribution. Better known ones are listed in [[Linux_Distribution_Recommendations]] Although BSD based distributions such as Monowall are quite functional, their use would involve an additional learning curve for most people<br />
<br />
Detailed hardware and configuration guidelines are provided on the relevant web sites. The notes below cover some additional issues<br />
<br />
=== Hardware ===<br />
<br />
*PC having x86 CPU are the most reliable for the above software<br />
**some '''only''' "development boards" having ARM CPU are now viable in lieu x86 - see "Strictly for Geeks" below <br />
**optional functions, particularly download caching, require extra CPU power, RAM & storage<br />
*10 Mb/s network interfaces suffice - unless running ADSL 2 or faster link<br />
**'''NB''' - speed of other devices on the LAN is irrelevant, LAN performance depends on the ethernet switch deployed<br />
<br />
New low wattage main-boards supporting x86 compatible CPU are now available, although not widely stocked.<br />
*an issue now with older mainboards is that these might not be compatible with the Grub 2 bootloader, now being used by the software and it is not feasible to replace the bootloader in these packaged distributions.<br />
<br />
=== Zoning ===<br />
Software for DIY routers implements similar network zoning to that in up-market commercial routers. An aspect that is different is the colour coding of zones:<br />
<br />
*<span style="color:#c93800">'''RED'''</span> for untrusted/unfiltered Internet<br />
*<span style="color:green">'''GREEN'''</span> for most trusted, '''wired''' LAN connections<br />
*<span style="color:blue">'''BLUE'''</span> for less trusted WiFi connections<br />
*<span style="color:#800080">'''PURPLE'''</span> for additional LAN zone<br />
*<span style="color:#FF8000">'''ORANGE'''</span> for Demilitarized Zone, (DMZ)<br />
**not required by most home users<br />
**typically used for stand-alone servers, to which access from the Internet is permitted<br />
<br />
== Strictly for Geeks ==<br />
<br />
Be aware that the following techniques can render commecial routers unusable and perhaps unrecoverable, if applied unsuccessfully.<br />
<br />
=== openWRT ===<br />
<br />
openWRT http://wiki.openwrt.org is a long standing project aimed initially at utilising improved software on commerical routers. More recently it has morphed to:<br />
*a more general embedded Linux distribution for compact devices<br />
*covering a much wider range of off-the-shelf devices<br />
<br />
One of the more popular devices to which openWRT it is currently applied is the TP-Link TL-703N<br />
*'''not''' sold on the Australian market<br />
*must be sourced from China<br />
*nearest equivalent on the Australian market appears to be the TP-Link TL-MR3020<br />
<br />
=== Developer Boards ===<br />
Boards utilising an ARM CPU can now be used for DIY routers<br />
*IPFire is the only well-known firewall/router that has reached '''released''' level for these<br />
**and only for specific boards - see IPFire site<br />
*ARM compilations are not robust to "unclean" shutdowns<br />
**advisable to retain a reserve copy on SD card<br />
**advisable to select hardware having an ARM CPU series matching the compilation<br />
*raspberry pi is best known hardware example - see [[Raspberry Pi]]<br />
**alternatively, raspbian could be adapted as a firewall/router for it<br />
Deploying IPFire on these boards does require more technical knowledge and equipment but has potential to match commercial routers in wattage and size<br />
*whilst maintaining advantage of frequent software updates<br />
<br />
Developer boards typically have more RAM & CPU resources than openWRT devices thus making print servers and caching routers more practical.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Rpeters|Rod]] --[[User:Rpeters|Rpeters]] ([[User talk:Rpeters|talk]]) 12:48, 20 February 2016 (AEDT)<br />
[[Category:Technical Info]]<br />
[[Category:Recommendations]]</div>
Rpeters